Dry Eye Disease

Dry eye disease occurs when the eyes do not produce enough tears, or when tears evaporate too quickly, leading to inadequate lubrication of the eye’s surface. It is common and, while usually not serious, can cause persistent discomfort.

• A gritty, sandy, or foreign-body sensation in the eyes
• Burning or stinging
• Redness
• Sensitivity to light
• Blurred vision that improves with blinking
• Excessive watering can occur paradoxically, as the eye tries to compensate for underlying dryness

• Can result from reduced tear production, which becomes more common with age, or from tears evaporating too quickly due to poor tear film quality.
• Risk is increased by prolonged screen use (with reduced blinking), dry or windy environments, certain medicines, some autoimmune conditions, and hormonal changes such as menopause.
• Contact lens use can also contribute to or worsen dry eye symptoms.

• Diagnosed clinically based on the characteristic symptoms together with an eye examination assessing tear quantity and the health of the eye's surface.
• Specific tests, where available, can measure tear production or evaluate the quality of the tear film in more detailed evaluation.

Regular use of lubricating eye drops (artificial tears) is the first-line treatment and can be used as often as needed throughout the day.

Taking regular breaks during screen use, and consciously blinking more often, can help reduce symptoms related to reduced blink rate.

Using a humidifier in dry environments and avoiding direct airflow (such as from fans or air conditioning) onto the eyes can help.

For more persistent or significant symptoms, additional treatments may be considered by an eye specialist, including addressing any underlying contributing condition.

Contact lens wearers with dry eye may need to adjust lens type, wearing schedule, or use additional lubrication as advised.

• Take regular breaks from screens and consciously blink more often during prolonged near work.
• Use a humidifier in dry indoor environments.
• Stay well hydrated.
• Avoid direct airflow onto the eyes from fans, heaters, or air conditioning.
• Seek assessment for persistent symptoms, as effective treatments are available beyond simple over-the-counter drops if needed.