Retinal Detachment

Retinal detachment occurs when the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye, separates from the underlying tissue that supports and nourishes it. It is a medical emergency, as prolonged detachment can cause permanent vision loss.

• Sudden appearance of floaters (small specks or cobweb-like shapes drifting across vision)
• Flashes of light, particularly in peripheral vision
• A shadow or curtain-like area of vision loss, often starting at the edge of vision and spreading
• Generally painless, which can make people underestimate its seriousness

• Most commonly results from a tear or hole in the retina, allowing fluid to seep underneath and separate it from the underlying tissue.
• Risk is increased by significant short-sightedness (myopia), previous eye surgery (such as cataract surgery), previous eye injury, and family history of retinal detachment.
• Can occasionally occur without a clear identifiable trigger.

• Suspected based on the characteristic sudden onset of floaters, flashes, and a shadow or curtain affecting vision.
• Diagnosed through a detailed eye examination, ideally with the pupil dilated, allowing direct visualisation of the retina by an eye care provider.
• This is considered an eye emergency, and anyone with these symptoms should be assessed as soon as possible.

Retinal detachment requires urgent referral to a specialist eye care facility, as the chances of restoring vision are significantly better with prompt treatment, ideally within hours to a few days of symptom onset.

Treatment is surgical, using one of several techniques to reattach the retina and seal any tears, chosen based on the specific characteristics of the detachment.

Outcomes depend significantly on how much of the retina is affected and how quickly treatment is received, particularly whether the central part of the retina (responsible for detailed vision) is still attached at the time of treatment.

After successful treatment, some visual changes may persist, and regular follow-up is needed to monitor for further problems, including in the other eye if risk factors are present.

• Seek immediate medical assessment for sudden floaters, flashes of light, or a shadow or curtain affecting vision — this is a true eye emergency where delay can cost permanent vision.
• Attend regular eye examinations if you have significant short-sightedness or other known risk factors for retinal detachment.
• Use appropriate eye protection during activities with a risk of eye injury.
• Discuss retinal detachment risk with an eye care provider after any significant eye surgery or injury.