Acne Vulgaris

Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition affecting hair follicles and oil glands, most often during adolescence, causing pimples, blackheads, and, in more severe cases, deeper cysts that can lead to scarring if untreated.

• Blackheads and whiteheads (mild, non-inflamed lesions)
• Red, inflamed pimples and pustules
• In more severe cases, deeper, painful cysts or nodules
• Most commonly affects the face, but can also occur on the chest, back, and shoulders
• Scarring can result from severe or repeatedly picked/squeezed acne

• Results from a combination of excess oil production, blocked hair follicles, bacteria, and inflammation.
• Hormonal changes, particularly during puberty, are a major contributing factor, which is why acne is so common in adolescence.
• Family history, certain medicines, and, in some cases, hormonal conditions can also contribute.

• Diagnosed clinically based on the characteristic appearance and distribution of the lesions.
• Severity is assessed by the type and number of lesions present, which guides treatment choice.
• Assessment for an underlying hormonal cause may be considered in women with acne that is severe, sudden in onset, or associated with other symptoms such as irregular periods.

Mild acne is often managed with a topical treatment, such as benzoyl peroxide or a topical retinoid, applied regularly to reduce blocked pores and inflammation.

Moderate acne may require the addition of a topical or oral antibiotic to reduce bacteria and inflammation, generally used for a limited course.

More severe or scarring acne may be managed with a stronger oral medicine under specialist supervision, and hormonal treatment may be considered for some women.

It typically takes several weeks of consistent treatment before noticeable improvement, and treatment often needs to continue for months.

Avoiding picking or squeezing lesions helps reduce the risk of scarring and secondary infection.

• Wash the affected skin gently with a mild cleanser twice daily, avoiding harsh scrubbing.
• Avoid picking or squeezing pimples, which increases the risk of scarring and infection.
• Use non-comedogenic (non-pore-blocking) skincare and cosmetic products.
• Be patient with treatment, as consistent use over weeks to months is needed to see results.
• Seek medical assessment for acne that is severe, painful, or causing scarring, as earlier treatment reduces long-term scarring risk.