Warts (Verrucae)

Warts are small, benign skin growths caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). They can appear on the hands, feet, or other areas of the body and, while harmless, can be persistent and are contagious.

• A small, rough, raised growth on the skin, often with a grainy or cauliflower-like surface
• May appear singly or in clusters
• Warts on the sole of the foot (plantar warts) can be flattened by pressure from walking and may be tender
• Generally not painful except on pressure-bearing areas such as the soles of the feet

• Caused by infection of the outer skin layer with human papillomavirus (HPV), of which there are many different strains causing different types of warts.
• Spread through direct skin-to-skin contact or contact with contaminated surfaces, such as communal showers or swimming pool areas for plantar warts.
• Small breaks or cuts in the skin make infection more likely; risk is also increased in people with weakened immunity.

• Diagnosed clinically based on the characteristic rough, raised appearance of the growth.
• Further assessment may be considered if a growth has an unusual appearance, bleeds, or changes rapidly, to exclude other skin conditions.

Many warts, particularly in children, resolve on their own over months to a couple of years without treatment.

Over-the-counter topical treatments containing salicylic acid, applied regularly over several weeks, can help remove warts by gradually breaking down the affected skin.

Cryotherapy (freezing treatment), where available, can be used by a health worker for warts that do not respond to topical treatment.

Persistent, painful, or extensive warts may be referred for further treatment options at a specialist facility.

• Avoid sharing towels, socks, or shoes with someone who has visible warts.
• Wear sandals or flip-flops in communal showers, swimming pools, or locker rooms to reduce risk of plantar warts.
• Avoid picking at or scratching warts, which can spread the virus to other areas of skin.
• Keep feet dry, as moist conditions can promote wart growth and spread.