Viral Hepatitis A

Viral hepatitis A is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus, spread through contaminated food and water. Unlike hepatitis B and C, it does not cause chronic infection and most people recover fully.

• Fatigue and loss of appetite
• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal discomfort, particularly in the upper right area
• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
• Dark urine and pale stools
• Many infections, especially in young children, cause mild or no symptoms

• Caused by the hepatitis A virus, spread through the faecal-oral route via food or water contaminated with the virus, or close contact with an infected person.
• Risk is increased by poor sanitation, unsafe water supply, and inadequate food hygiene.

• Diagnosed with a blood test for hepatitis A antibodies (IgM), which confirms a recent infection.
• Liver function blood tests support the diagnosis and help assess severity.

There is no specific antiviral treatment; management is supportive with rest, adequate fluids, and avoiding alcohol and medicines that stress the liver while recovering.

Most people, especially children, recover fully within a few weeks to a couple of months without lasting liver damage.

Severe cases with signs of liver failure (such as confusion or worsening jaundice) are rare but require urgent hospital-level care.

Because hepatitis A does not become chronic, once someone has recovered they generally have lifelong immunity.

• Complete hepatitis A vaccination where available and recommended, particularly for travellers to endemic areas.
• Drink water from safe sources, or boil or treat water before drinking.
• Wash hands with soap after using the toilet and before preparing or eating food.
• Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly and ensure food is properly cooked.