Vaginal Candidiasis

Vaginal candidiasis, commonly known as a yeast infection or vaginal thrush, is a very common condition caused by overgrowth of Candida yeast in the vagina. It is not a sexually transmitted infection, though sexual activity can occasionally trigger it.

• Intense vaginal itching
• Thick, white, "cottage cheese"-like vaginal discharge, usually without a strong odour
• Redness and soreness of the vaginal area
• Discomfort during urination or sexual intercourse

• Caused by overgrowth of Candida yeast, which is normally present in small amounts in the vagina.
• Risk is increased by antibiotic use (which disrupts normal protective bacteria), pregnancy, poorly controlled diabetes, and a weakened immune system.
• Tight, non-breathable clothing and prolonged moisture can also contribute.

• Usually diagnosed clinically based on the characteristic itching and discharge.
• Microscopic examination of vaginal discharge, where available, can confirm the diagnosis, particularly for recurrent or uncertain cases.

Treatment is with an antifungal medicine, either as a vaginal cream or pessary (such as clotrimazole) or a single oral dose (such as fluconazole), both of which are highly effective.

Symptoms usually improve within a few days of starting treatment.

Recurrent infections (several episodes within a year) may need a longer treatment course and evaluation for contributing factors, such as poorly controlled diabetes.

Pregnant women should use a topical rather than oral antifungal treatment, as oral antifungal medicine is generally avoided in pregnancy.

• Wear breathable, cotton underwear and avoid tight-fitting clothing.
• Avoid vaginal douching and scented feminine hygiene products.
• Change out of wet clothing, such as swimwear, promptly.
• Manage underlying conditions such as diabetes well, as poor control increases risk.