Rosacea

Rosacea is a chronic skin condition causing facial redness, visible blood vessels, and sometimes acne-like bumps, most often affecting the central face. It tends to flare and remit over time and, while not curable, can be well managed.

• Persistent redness of the central face — cheeks, nose, forehead, and chin
• Visible small blood vessels on the face
• Acne-like bumps and pimples, without the blackheads typical of acne
• A burning or stinging sensation on the skin
• In some people, thickened skin, particularly of the nose, develops over time with longstanding disease
• Eye symptoms, such as dryness, irritation, or redness, can occur in some people (ocular rosacea)

• The exact cause is not fully understood, but is believed to involve a combination of abnormal blood vessel reactivity, immune factors, and possibly microscopic skin mites.
• Family history and fair skin increase risk.
• Common triggers for flares include sun exposure, heat, spicy food, alcohol, hot beverages, stress, and certain skincare products.

• Diagnosed clinically based on the characteristic pattern of facial redness, visible blood vessels, and bumps, typically affecting the central face.
• Other causes of facial redness or acne are considered and excluded based on the specific pattern and history.

Identifying and avoiding personal triggers is an important foundation of management, since this can significantly reduce the frequency of flares.

Gentle skincare, using mild, fragrance-free products and daily sun protection, helps reduce irritation and flares.

Topical medicines can help reduce redness and bumps for many people, used consistently as prescribed.

For more persistent or bothersome bumps, an oral antibiotic (used for its anti-inflammatory rather than antibacterial effect) may be prescribed for a course.

Visible blood vessels or persistent redness not improving with other treatments may be addressed with laser treatment at a specialist facility, where available.

Eye symptoms are managed with lubricating drops and, if more significant, specific treatment guided by an eye specialist.

• Identify and avoid personal triggers, such as sun exposure, spicy food, alcohol, or hot beverages.
• Use daily sun protection, including a broad-spectrum sunscreen suitable for sensitive skin.
• Use gentle, fragrance-free skincare products, avoiding harsh scrubs or irritants.
• Manage stress, which can be a trigger for some people.
• Seek medical assessment for persistent facial redness or bumps, since consistent treatment significantly improves symptoms.