Contact Dermatitis

Contact dermatitis is skin inflammation resulting from direct contact with an irritating substance or an allergen. It causes a red, itchy rash confined to the area of contact and generally resolves once the trigger is removed.

• Red, itchy rash at the site of contact with the trigger substance
• Dry, cracked, or scaly skin, particularly with irritant contact dermatitis from repeated exposure
• Blisters or weeping skin, particularly with allergic contact dermatitis to a strong allergen
• The rash typically has a clear border matching the area of contact, such as a ring where a piece of jewellery touched the skin

• Irritant contact dermatitis results from direct chemical or physical damage to the skin from substances such as soaps, detergents, solvents, or prolonged wet work.
• Allergic contact dermatitis results from an immune reaction to a specific allergen the person has become sensitised to, such as certain metals (like nickel in jewellery), plants, cosmetics, or rubber products.
• Risk is increased by frequent hand washing, occupational exposure to irritants, and pre-existing skin conditions such as eczema.

• Diagnosed clinically based on the pattern and location of the rash in relation to a suspected contact trigger.
• A detailed history of recent exposures — new products, jewellery, plants, or occupational substances — helps identify the likely cause.
• Patch testing, where available, can help identify specific allergens in cases of suspected allergic contact dermatitis that are not clear from history alone.

Identifying and avoiding the triggering substance is the most important step, as the rash generally resolves once contact stops.

A topical corticosteroid cream helps reduce inflammation and itching during an active flare.

Regular use of a fragrance-free moisturiser supports skin barrier repair and helps prevent irritant contact dermatitis, particularly for those with frequent hand-washing or wet work.

Protective gloves or clothing can help prevent further exposure to identified irritants or allergens, particularly in occupational settings.

• Identify and avoid the specific substance triggering the reaction.
• Use gloves when handling known irritants, such as cleaning products or solvents.
• Moisturise regularly, particularly if frequent hand washing is unavoidable.
• Choose fragrance-free and hypoallergenic products if prone to skin sensitivity.