Dental Abscess

A dental abscess is a collection of pus that forms due to a bacterial infection, usually arising from untreated tooth decay, gum disease, or dental trauma.

• Severe, throbbing toothache
• Swelling of the face or gum near the affected tooth
• Pain that worsens with hot, cold, or pressure on the tooth
• Fever and generally feeling unwell in more severe infections
• Foul taste in the mouth if the abscess drains spontaneously

• Bacterial infection spreading from untreated dental caries (tooth decay) into the pulp of the tooth.
• Gum (periodontal) disease allowing bacteria to reach deeper tissues.
• Dental trauma or a cracked tooth providing an entry point for infection.

• Diagnosed clinically through dental examination, looking for a swollen, tender area, a decayed or broken tooth, and sometimes a visible pus pocket.
• The affected tooth is often tender to percussion (tapping).
• Dental X-ray, where available, helps assess the extent of infection and bone involvement.

Pain relief with paracetamol or an NSAID such as ibuprofen is given while arranging dental treatment.

An oral antibiotic — commonly amoxicillin, with metronidazole added for more extensive infection — is given when there are signs of spreading infection, fever, or facial swelling.

Definitive treatment requires a dental procedure to drain the abscess and address the source, such as root canal treatment or extraction of the affected tooth; antibiotics alone do not cure a dental abscess.

Patients with facial swelling extending toward the eye or neck, difficulty swallowing or breathing, or high fever are referred urgently, as this can indicate a spreading, potentially life-threatening infection.

• Brush teeth twice daily and floss regularly.
• Limit sugary foods and drinks.
• Attend regular dental check-ups to catch decay early.
• Seek prompt dental care for toothache rather than waiting for it to worsen.